The james lange theory of emotion suggests that emotions are - Aug 12, 2017 · are offered by Cannon-Bard and James-Lange theories of emotion. 2.2.1 James-Lange Theory of Emotion Proposed independently by psychologist William James and physiologist Carl Lange, the James-Lange theory of emotion proposes that emotions occur as a result of physiological reactions to events. According to this theory, you see …

 
That our emotions are really us perceiving physical changes in the body. The brain makes sense of these changes by concluding that we are feeling certain emotions. Emotions are adaptive; they have survival value. Jamesian: critique. •By Cannon, The body reacts slowly, and our perceptions of it are fairly inaccurate.. Cedars sinai portal login

In the 1960s Darwin’s approach to the study of facial expression was revived in the context of the search for universal, fundamental emotions. Carroll Izard and Paul Ekman are the leading theorists associated with the study of facial expression of emotion. Each was strongly influenced by Silvan Tomkins (Table 2 ).Emotions are subjective experiences that consist of physiological arousal and cognitive appraisal. Various theories have been put forward to explain our emotional experiences. The James-Lange theory asserts that emotions arise as a function of physiological arousal. The Cannon-Bard theory maintains that emotional experience occurs simultaneous ...Jun 27, 2019 · Over time, the James-Lange theory has been challenged, as well as expanded upon in other theories, suggesting that emotion is the mix of physiological and psychological response. Facial-Feedback Theory. The Facial-Feedback Theory of Emotion suggests that facial expressions are crucial to experiencing emotion. The James-Lange theory of emotion proposes that emotions arise as the result of a physiological reaction to events. The theory suggests that when you see an external stimulus this leads to physiological reaction. The physiological reaction determines how you interpret that emotion e.g. I am frightened because I am trembling. Jul 1, 2022 · of the James-Lange theory, it is challenged by studies show-ing that physical reactions can influence emotions (Coles, Larsen, & Lench, 2019). Two-Factor theory and its critique An influential synthe-sis of these earlier conceptualizations is Schachter & Singer’s Two-Factor theory of emotion, which posits that emotion isStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like In the opening of this chapter, two men's reactions to spam e-mail were described. The fact that neither of the men was able to shrug off their annoyance to the spam illustrates the fact that ____., Emotions are both positive and negative. Once people experience both types of emotion, they generally try to orchestrate their lives ... Jun 9, 2023 · The two-factor theory of emotion proposed by Schachter-Singer serves as the foundation for the misattribution of arousal (McRaney, 2011).Misattribution of arousal also draws from the James-Lange theory of emotion and Daryl Bem’s self-perception theory (APA, 2023; McRaney, 2011).The two-factor theory of emotion suggests that an …Over time, several different theories of emotion, shown in , have been proposed to explain how the various components of emotion interact with one another. The James-Lange theory of emotion asserts that emotions arise from physiological arousal. Recall what you have learned about the sympathetic nervous system and our fight or flight response ...The James-Lange theory is the very anti-thesis of the popular belief about emotions. The theory states that many physiological changes take place upon perceiving the circumstances and knowledge of these changes make an emotion felt. Thus, according to this theory, emotion is a pattern of organic sensations. The external stimulus excites one or ... cry; tremble. William James would suggest that people feel sorry because they _____ and are afraid because they _____. emotions. mix of bodily arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience. A. see an oncoming car; heart pounds; experience fear. According to the James-Lange theory of emotion, which sequence is the correct order of ... The James-Lange theory is the very anti-thesis of the popular belief about emotions. The theory states that many physiological changes take place upon perceiving the circumstances and knowledge of these changes make an emotion felt. Thus, according to this theory, emotion is a pattern of organic sensations. The external stimulus excites one or ... Oct 6, 2023 · The two-factor theory of emotion recognizes that both cognition and arousal play a part in the identification and feeling of emotions. Emotion is not only caused by a sensation in the body or thoughts in the mind. Both of these processes influence the emotions that we feel and express. Context, past experiences, and a person’s knowledge …So thank goodness we have psychologists who do that for us. And as you might imagine, this is a pretty complicated topic. So there isn't just one theory of emotion. There's many theories of emotion. And for our purposes, we're going to discuss four different theories of emotion. The first one is called the James-Lange theory of emotion. Sep 29, 2019 · Key Takeaways: Cannon-Bard Theory. The Cannon-Bard theory is a theory of emotions that challenged the influential James-Lange theory. According to Cannon, the brain’s thalamus is crucial for our emotions. Cannon’s research has been influential, although more recent research has led to a more precise understanding of which brain …Jan 1, 2021 · According to this view, we first experience the bodily reactions directly elicited by the imagination or perception of an emotion-elicitation event. James famously stated “My theory … is that the bodily changes follow directly the perception of the exciting fact, and that our feeling of the same changes as they occur IS the emotion ...Dec 12, 2017 · The theory was developed in 1927 by Walter B. Cannon and his graduate student, Philip Bard. It was established as an alternative to the James-Lange theory of emotion. This theory states that ...The James-Lange theory of emotion asserts that emotions arise from physiological arousal. Recall what you have learned about the sympathetic nervous system and our fight or flight response when threatened. ... This leads to an aversion to the odor cue that suggests the rats learned to fear the odor cue. Interestingly, when the mother was ...Over time, several different theories of emotion, shown in Figure 6, have been proposed to explain how the various components of emotion interact with one another. The James-Lange theory of emotion asserts that emotions arise from physiological arousal. Recall what you have learned about the sympathetic nervous system and our fight or flight ...The Two-Factor Theory of Emotion. Whereas the James-Lange theory proposes that each emotion has a different pattern of arousal, the two-factor theory of emotion takes the opposite approach, arguing that the arousal that we experience is basically the same in every emotion, and that all emotions (including the basic emotions) are differentiated only …6 days ago · The James-Lange theory of emotion was proposed by psychologist William James and physiologist Carl Lange. This theory suggests that emotions occur as a result of physiological responses to outside stimuli or events. For example, this theory suggests that if someone is driving down the road and sees the headlights of another car heading …A central tenet of the appraisal theory is the claim that emotions are elicited and differentiated on the basis of a person's subjective evaluation of the personal significance of a situation, object, or event. During the last 20 yrs, a number of authors (e.g., B. Weiner, 1986) have suggested that the nature of an emotional reaction can best be predicted on …The James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that physical changes occur in response to a given stimulus, influencing our emotions. In other words, our emotions result from physical changes occurring in our bodies. William James and Carl Lange first devised the James-Lange theory in the 1880s. These two psychologists proposed that physiological ...Jan 18, 2024 · For example, Charles Darwin proposed an evolutionary theory of emotion that suggests emotions exist because they serve an adaptive role in order to be able to respond quickly and improve chances of success and survival. In the James-Lange theory, psychologist William James and physiologist Carl Lange suggest that emotions occur as …Mar 22, 2023 · The James-Lange theory suggests that the experience of emotion is a result of becoming aware of one's own physiological responses to an emotion-arousing event. According to this theory, our emotions are triggered by our bodily reactions, such as increased heart rate or sweating, which then lead to the experience of emotion.To investigate the role of cognitive physiological factors in the experience of emotion. Hypothesis 1. If a person experiences a state of arousal for which they have no immediate explanation, they will label this state and describe feelings in terms of cognitions available to them. Hypothesis 2. If a person experiences a state of arousal for ...Jul 28, 2022 · Emotions are automatic and primary patterns of purposeful cognitive-behavioral organizations. They have three main functions: coordination, signaling, and information. First, emotions coordinate organs and tissues, thus predisposing the body to peculiar responses. Scholars have not reached a consensus on the plausibility of …Sep 17, 2020 · The Schacter-Singer theory draws on elements of both James-Lange theory and Cannon-Bard theory, proposing that physiological arousal occurs first but that such reactions are often similar for different emotions. The theory suggests that the physiological reactions must be cognitively labeled and interpreted as a particular emotion.The James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that emotions Answers: a. involve arousal and labeling of its causes. b. cause bodily reactions. c. come after bodily reactions. d. occur simultaneously with bodily reactions. e. are not related to bodily reactions. Jan 1, 2022 · behind human emotions (Plutchik & Kellerman 2013). For example, the James-Lange theory suggests that emotions occur as a result of physiological reactions to events; the Cognitive Appraisal theory claims that the sequence of events first involves a stimulus, followed by thought, which then leads to the simultaneous physiological response and ...Nov 10, 2020 · 💡Tl;dr—Emotion -> Physiological response. James-Lange Theory. This theory said that emotion is the result of a physiological response, which in turn activates the emotion, which is the opposite of the common sense theory. An example of this is, "we feel sad because we cry, angry because we tense up, and afraid because we tremble.” The James-Lange theory of emotion states that: a) the emotions we experience cause our bodily reactions. b) our perception of bodily responses leads to our emotions. c) our emotions and bodily responses occur simultaneously. d) emotion and physical reaction happen independently but at the same time. May 31, 2021 · Contrary to the James–Lange theory, Cannon and, later, Bard hypothesized that the subjective experience of emotion occurs simultaneously and independently of autonomous bodily changes, which they assumed are always of a similar magnitude no matter what emotion is involved (a view that was refuted by Ekman and others only in …The James-Lange theory of emotion asserts that emotions arise from physiological arousal. Recall what you have learned about the sympathetic nervous system and our fight or flight response when threatened. ... This leads to an aversion to the odor cue that suggests the rats learned to fear the odor cue. Interestingly, when the mother was ...Model proposing that we must satisfy physiological needs and needs for safety and security before progressing to more complex needs; bottom to top: physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Emotion, Discrete emotions theory, Primary emotions and more.The James-Lange Theory of Emotion. William James and Carl Lange were two psychologists who studied emotion in the 1800s. They actually came up with their theories separately! They combined their work later. According to their theory, there are two parts to our emotions. The first is what we experience in our environment and how it affects our ...Components are emotion and motivation. Emotion. a mental and physiological state that directs out attention and guides our behavior. Basic emotions. anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise. Cognitive appraisal. cognitive interpretations that accompany emotions. Cannon-Bard theory of emotion. Figure 11.4 Three Theories of Emotion. The Cannon-Bard theory proposes that emotions and arousal occur at the same time. The James-Lange theory proposes the emotion is the result of arousal. Schachter and Singer’s two-factor model proposes that arousal and cognition combine to create emotion.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like People from a variety of cultures are able to look at facial expressions and identify emotions like happiness and surprise. This evidence that facial expressions for emotions are universal suggests that:, Antoinette is a real risk taker. She loves to skydive, and she can party all night. Benita …Schachter-Singer Theory. - There are two factors that contribute to emotion: physiological response and cognitive label. Cognitive label determines which emotion we feel, while physiological response determines how intensely we feel the emotion. ex: While out camping, I spot a bear in the nearby bushes. 2. Which of these supports the James-Lange theory of emotion? emotion is a visceral response producing a behavioural response; artificial induction of visceral changes does not necessarily produce emotion; the viscera are ‘insensitive structures’ visceral changes are the same in many emotions Mar 18, 2021 · The James-Lange Theory The James-Lange theory is one of the best-known examples of a physiological theory of emotion or mood. Independently proposed by psychologist William James and physiologist Carl Lange, the James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that emotions occur as a result of physiological reactions to events …Mar 18, 2021 · The James-Lange Theory The James-Lange theory is one of the best-known examples of a physiological theory of emotion or mood. Independently proposed by psychologist William James and physiologist Carl Lange, the James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that emotions occur as a result of physiological reactions to events …According to the discrete emotions theory, emotional expressions are recognizable across cultures because. a. teaching children about emotional expression is important for survival in all. cultures. b. each emotion is associated with a distinct "motor program" that reflects genetically. influenced physiological responses that are essentially ...Oct 6, 2023 · The two-factor theory of emotion recognizes that both cognition and arousal play a part in the identification and feeling of emotions. Emotion is not only caused by a sensation in the body or thoughts in the mind. Both of these processes influence the emotions that we feel and express. Context, past experiences, and a person’s knowledge …general adaptation syndrome. a theory developed by Sclye that suggests that a person's response to a stressor consists of three stages: alarm and mobilization, resistance, and exhaustion. coping. the efforts to control, reduce, or learn to tolerate the threats that lead to stress. learned helplessness. Apr 11, 2021 · The James Lange theory of emotion states that emotion is equivalent to the range of physiological arousal caused by external events. The two scientists suggested …Disgust. Fear. Anger. Happiness. The James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that emotions are. a reaction to changing physiological states. One challenge for psychologists has been identifying. the most important, fundamental emotions. While hiking with friends, you notice the trail is coming close to a cliff.This review evaluates four facial feedback hypotheses, each proposing a certain relation between the face and emotions. It addresses criticisms of the data, considers implications for emotional and social processes, and advises directions for future research. The current data support the following: Facial actions are sensitive to social context, yet correspond …Sep 25, 2018 · James’ proposal, often labeled as the James-Lange theory because it is rather similar to the one offered around the same time by Lange (1885), stated that …Over time, several different theories of emotion, shown in Figure 6, have been proposed to explain how the various components of emotion interact with one another. The James-Lange theory of emotion asserts that emotions arise from physiological arousal. Recall what you have learned about the sympathetic nervous system and our fight or flight ...Which theory of emotion suggests that emotions are the result of physiological changes in the body? - Two-factor theory. - Cannon-Bard theory. - Facial feedback theory. - James-Lange theory. - Cognitive mediational theory. James-Lange theory. T/F: The James-Lange Theory was discovered cooperatively by William Lange and Carl James. Motivation - Arousal, Goals, Drive: A second biological approach to the study of human motivation has been the study of mechanisms that change the arousal level of the organism. Early research on this topic emphasized the essential equivalency of changes in arousal, changes in emotion, and changes in motivation. It was proposed that emotional …Schachter-Singer Theory. - There are two factors that contribute to emotion: physiological response and cognitive label. Cognitive label determines which emotion we feel, while physiological response determines how intensely we feel the emotion. ex: While out camping, I spot a bear in the nearby bushes. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like In an experiment, Jay and Alissa are injected with the same concentration of a harmless drug. The purpose of the drug is to create arousal in the subjects who are injected. After a while, the arousal manifests as anger in Jay and as happiness in Alissa. Jay felt angry that he was injected with an …Aug 16, 2006 · William James’s theory of emotion is often criticized for placing too much emphasis on bodily feelings and neglecting the cognitive aspects of emotion. This paper suggests that such criticisms are misplaced. Interpreting James’s account of emotion in the light of his later philosophical writings, I argue that James does not emphasize bodily ...The James-Lange theory of emotion states that: a) the emotions we experience cause our bodily reactions. b) our perception of bodily responses leads to our emotions. c) our emotions and bodily responses occur simultaneously. d) emotion and physical reaction happen independently but at the same time.6. According to the James-Lange theory, feelings of emotions are a. The causes of physiological reactions to events b. Culturally determined responses to stimuli c. Dependent upon the genetic make-up of an individual d. Produced by feedback form the behaviors and physiological response caused by emotion-producing situations e. Produced by activity …Which theory of emotion suggests that emotions are the result of physiological changes in the body? - Two-factor theory. - Cannon-Bard theory. - Facial feedback theory. - James-Lange theory. - Cognitive mediational theory. James-Lange theory. T/F: The James-Lange Theory was discovered cooperatively by William Lange and Carl James. The James-Lange Theory of Emotion. William James and Carl Lange were two psychologists who studied emotion in the 1800s. They actually came up with their theories separately! They combined their work later. According to their theory, there are two parts to our emotions. The first is what we experience in our environment and how it affects our ...Over time, several different theories of emotion, shown in , have been proposed to explain how the various components of emotion interact with one another. The James-Lange theory of emotion asserts that emotions arise from physiological arousal. Recall what you have learned about the sympathetic nervous system and our fight or flight response ...general adaptation syndrome. a theory developed by Sclye that suggests that a person's response to a stressor consists of three stages: alarm and mobilization, resistance, and exhaustion. coping. the efforts to control, reduce, or learn to tolerate the threats that lead to stress. learned helplessness. Cannon, W. B. (1987). The James-Lange theory of emotions: A critical examination and an alternative theory. The American Journal of Psychology, 100(3-4), 567–586. https:// …Jun 29, 2023 · The Schachter-Singer theory is a cognitive theory of emotion that suggests our thoughts are actually responsible for emotions. Similar to this theory is the cognitive appraisal theory. It posits that someone must first think before experiencing an emotion. For instance, your brain judges a situation as threatening, and as a result, you ...Jun 27, 2019 · The Facial-Feedback Theory of Emotion suggests that facial expressions are crucial to experiencing emotion. This theory is connected to the work of Charles Darwin and William James that hypothesized that facial expressions impact emotion as opposed to their being a response to an emotion. This theory holds that emotions are directly tied to ...The James-Lange theory of emotion proposes that emotions arise as the result of a physiological reaction to events. The theory suggests that when you see an external stimulus this leads to physiological reaction. The physiological reaction determines how you interpret that emotion e.g. I am frightened because I am trembling. Nov 15, 2022 · William James (1884) in his textbook The Principles of Psychology and Carl Lange (1887) independently proposed their theories of emotion and were later combined into what is presently known as the James-Lange theory of emotion. Emotions are the outcome of physiological responses to external stimuli.Aug 12, 2017 · are offered by Cannon-Bard and James-Lange theories of emotion. 2.2.1 James-Lange Theory of Emotion Proposed independently by psychologist William James and physiologist Carl Lange, the James-Lange theory of emotion proposes that emotions occur as a result of physiological reactions to events. According to this theory, you see …S5. The idea of optimal levels of arousal is similar to a drive theory of motivation. Presumably, we all seek to maintain some intermediate level of arousal. If we are underaroused, we are bored. If we are overaroused, we experience stress.The James-Lange Theory of Emotions: A Critical Examination and an Alternative Theory on JSTOR. Walter B. Cannon, The James-Lange Theory of Emotions: A Critical …Apr 11, 2021 · According to the James Lange Theory of Emotion, you will conclude that you’re scared because your heart is beating really fast. This is not the typical common sense way of thinking about the cause and effect relation between the experience of emotion and its manifestation. James and Lange emphasized that the autonomic activity and actions ...Ex: Your heart starts pounding as you experience fear. Two-factor theory. Arousal + Label= Emotion. Physical reactions and our thoughts together create emotion. Spillover effect. Arousal from something previous can descend into other activities. Ex: Man having just walked across a tedious bridge (adrenaline) sees a woman, thinks feelings of ... Over time, several different theories of emotion, shown in Figure, have been proposed to explain how the various components of emotion interact with one another. The James-Lange theory of emotion asserts that emotions arise from physiological arousal. Recall what you have learned about the sympathetic nervous system and our fight or flight ... Dec 19, 2023 · Explore the James Lange Theory of emotion and its role in our understanding of how feelings are connected to physical responses.Apr 17, 2021 · The James-Lange theory of emotion submits that emotions occur due to physiological reactions to events. In other words, this theory proposes that folks have a physiological answer to environmental stimuli and their understanding of that physical answer then leads to an emotional adventure.Emotion involves feeling, thinking, activation of the nervous system, physiological changes, and behavioral changes such as facial expressions. Different theories exist regarding how and why people experience emotion. These include evolutionary theories, the James-Lange theory, the Cannon-Bard theory, Schacter and Singer’s two-factor theory ...Apr 1, 2021 · Simultaneously with James' proposition, Carl Lange, a Danish physiologist and psychologist, independently formulated virtually similar theory. The James-Lange theory of emotion (Lange and James, 1922) suggests that different patterns of arousal in the autonomic nervous system create the different emotions people feel, and that …The James-Lange theory of emotion asserts that emotions arise from physiological arousal. Recall what you have learned about the sympathetic nervous system and our fight or flight response when threatened.Jan 1, 2021 · According to this view, we first experience the bodily reactions directly elicited by the imagination or perception of an emotion-elicitation event. James famously stated “My theory … is that the bodily changes follow directly the perception of the exciting fact, and that our feeling of the same changes as they occur IS the emotion ...The James-Lange theory of emotion states that a) to experience emotion is to be aware of our physiological responses to an emotion-arousing event. b) the expression of emotion reduces our level of physiological arousal. c) an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers both physiological arousal and the subjective experience of emotion.cry; tremble. William James would suggest that people feel sorry because they _____ and are afraid because they _____. emotions. mix of bodily arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience. A. see an oncoming car; heart pounds; experience fear. According to the James-Lange theory of emotion, which sequence is the correct order of ... 4 days ago · 2. Which of these supports the James-Lange theory of emotion? emotion is a visceral response producing a behavioural response; artificial induction of visceral changes does not necessarily produce emotion; the viscera are ‘insensitive structures’ visceral changes are the same in many emotions

Apr 11, 2021 · According to the James Lange Theory of Emotion, you will conclude that you’re scared because your heart is beating really fast. This is not the typical common sense way of thinking about the cause and effect relation between the experience of emotion and its manifestation. James and Lange emphasized that the autonomic activity and actions .... Best time to buy jewelry at macy

the james lange theory of emotion suggests that emotions are

4 days ago · 2. Which of these supports the James-Lange theory of emotion? emotion is a visceral response producing a behavioural response; artificial induction of visceral changes does not necessarily produce emotion; the viscera are ‘insensitive structures’ visceral changes are the same in many emotionsThe James-Lange theory of emotion states that emotions are created by the perception of one's physical reactions. An extension of this theory is the facial feedback hypothesis that predicts that our emotions should change to match our facial expression. This activity demonstrates the facial feedback hypothesis. Students are instructed to hold a pencil or …Aug 12, 2017 · are offered by Cannon-Bard and James-Lange theories of emotion. 2.2.1 James-Lange Theory of Emotion Proposed independently by psychologist William James and physiologist Carl Lange, the James-Lange theory of emotion proposes that emotions occur as a result of physiological reactions to events. According to this theory, you see …The James-Lange theory of emotion asserts that emotions arise from physiological arousal. Recall what you have learned about the sympathetic nervous system and our fight or flight response when threatened. ... This leads to an aversion to the odor cue that suggests the rats learned to fear the odor cue. Interestingly, when the mother was ...Dec 12, 2017 · A more recent theory of emotion incorporates elements of both the James-Lange and Cannon-Bard theories. The Schachter-Singer theory of emotion suggests that physical reactions occur first, but can ... physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously. According to the Schachter-Singer theory of emotion, we _____ the emotion we are experiencing by observing our environment and comparing ourselves with others. identify. Physiological arousal and _____ emanate from the thalamus, according to Cannon and Bard. emotional experience. 4 days ago · The James Lange theory of emotion is a landmark in our exploration of human emotions. The theory also offers new avenues for understanding and managing one’s …James-Lange theory of emotion. emotions arise from physiological arousal. polygraph. lie detector test that measures physiological arousal of individuals as they answer a series of questions. Schachter-Singer two-factor theory of emotion. emotions consist of two factors: physiological and cognitive. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards ... Oct 19, 2023 · The James-Lange theory of emotion states that emotions are caused by physiological arousal, which is caused by external stimuli. This theory is one of the early counter-intuitive theories that attempts to …James-Lange Theory of Emotion was posed by both James and Lang at approximately the same time (hence the name James-Lange) and suggests emotions are a consequence of our physiological responses to external stimuli followed by identification of the emotion by examining the physical responses.The James-Lange theory is the very anti-thesis of the popular belief about emotions. The theory states that many physiological changes take place upon perceiving the circumstances and knowledge of these changes make an emotion felt. Thus, according to this theory, emotion is a pattern of organic sensations. The external stimulus excites one or ... The Schachter-Singer theory proposes that people infer emotions based on physiological responses but that the situation and interpretation can result in different emotions. Supporters of the Facial Feedback Theory of Emotion suggest that emotions are directly tied to changes in facial muscles.* To investigate the role of cognitive physiological factors in the experience of emotion. Hypothesis 1. If a person experiences a state of arousal for which they have no immediate explanation, they will label this state and describe feelings in terms of cognitions available to them. Hypothesis 2. If a person experiences a state of arousal for ...Apr 19, 2010 · These findings contradict the James–Lange theory of emotion. Nevertheless, this assumption does not imply that peripheral expressions of emotions are generated simultaneously with the subjective feeling, as posited by the Cannon–Bard theory (Damasio et al., 2000). Indeed, the bodily impact of emotions appears to rely on rapid and certainly ...6. According to the James-Lange theory, feelings of emotions are a. The causes of physiological reactions to events b. Culturally determined responses to stimuli c. Dependent upon the genetic make-up of an individual d. Produced by feedback form the behaviors and physiological response caused by emotion-producing situations e. Produced by activity ….

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