Nameerror name spark is not defined - Hi Oli, Thank you, thats pointed me the right way. The entire code for my experiment is: #beginning of code for experiment! from psychopy import visual, core, event #import some libraries from PsychoPy trial_timer = core.Clock()

 
Oct 30, 2019 · Sorted by: 0. When you start pyspark from the command line, you have a sparkSession object and a sparkContext available to you as spark and sc respectively. For using it in pycharm, you should create these variables first so you can use them. from pyspark.sql import SparkSession spark = SparkSession.builder.getOrCreate () sc = spark.sparkContext. . Lawrence ks driver

1 Answer. You are using the built-in function 'count' which expects an iterable object, not a column name. You need to explicitly import the 'count' function with the same name from pyspark.sql.functions. from pyspark.sql.functions import count as _count old_table.groupby ('name').agg (countDistinct ('age'), _count ('age'))How many terms do you want for the sequence? 5 Traceback (most recent call last): File "fibonacci.py", line 18, in <module> n = calculate_nt_term(n1, n2) NameError: name 'calculate_nt_term' is not defined. Python cannot find the name “calculate_nt_term” in the program because of the misspelling.1 Answer. You need from numpy import array. This is done for you by the Spyder console. But in a program, you must do the necessary imports; the advantage is that your program can be run by people who do not have Spyder, for instance. I am not sure of what Spyder imports for you by default. array might be imported through from pylab import * or ... Feb 13, 2018 · 1. In pysparkShell, SparkContext is already initialized as SparkContext (app=PySparkShell, master=local [*]) so you just need to use getOrCreate () to set the SparkContext to a variable as. sc = SparkContext.getOrCreate () sqlContext = SQLContext (sc) For coding purpose in simple local mode, you can do the following. How to Fix NameError: name 'x' is not defined | Solution. variable is passed as an argument to the function when it is called. This ensures that the. Get a clear explanation …PySpark lit () function is used to add constant or literal value as a new column to the DataFrame. Creates a [ [Column]] of literal value. The passed in object is returned directly if it is already a [ [Column]]. If the object is a Scala Symbol, it is converted into a [ [Column]] also. Otherwise, a new [ [Column]] is created to represent the ...May 1, 2020 · NameError: name 'spark' is not defined #12. NameError: name 'spark' is not defined. #12. Closed. sebcruz opened this issue on May 1, 2020 · 2 comments. gbrueckl closed this as completed on May 26, 2020. Sign up for free to join this conversation on GitHub . I solved defining the following helper function in my model's module: from uuid import uuid4 def generateUUID (): return str (uuid4 ()) then: f = models.CharField (default=generateUUID, max_length=36, unique=True, editable=False) south will generate a migration file (migrations.0001_initial) with a generated UUID like: default='5c88ff72-def3 ...SparkSession.builder.master("local").appName("Detecting-Malicious-URL App") .config("spark.some.config.option", "some-value") To overcome this error …I am trying to overwrite a Spark dataframe using the following option in PySpark but I am not successful. spark_df.write.format('com.databricks.spark.csv').option("header", "true",mode='overwrite').save(self.output_file_path) the mode=overwrite command is …Sorted by: 1. Indeed, you forgot to store the result of read_fasta (file_name) in a sequences list, so it is not defined. Here is a correct version of your code: file_name = "chr21_dna_sequence.fasta" sequences = read_fasta (file_name) write_cat_seq (file_name, sequences) print ('Saved and Complete') Share. Improve this answer.2 Answers. Sorted by: 67. display is a function in the IPython.display module that runs the appropriate dunder method to get the appropriate data to ... display. If you really want to run it. from IPython.display import display import pandas as pd data = pd.DataFrame (data= [tweet.text for tweet in tweets], columns= ['Tweets']) display (data ...This means that if you try to evaluate an expression that is just match, it will not be treated as a match statement, but as a variable called match, which isn't defined in your case (no pun intended). Try writing a complete match statement. Thanks this works! A complete match statement is required.Mar 18, 2018 · I don't know. If pyspark is a separate kernel, you should be able to run that with nbconvert as well. Try using the option --ExecutePreprocessor.kernel_name=pyspark. If it's still not working, ask on a Pyspark mailing list or issue tracker. Nov 3, 2017 · SparkSession.builder.getOrCreate () I'm not sure you need a SQLContext. spark.sql () or spark.read () are the dataset entry points. First bullet here on Spark docs. SparkSession is now the new entry point of Spark that replaces the old SQLContext and HiveContext. If you need an sc variable at all, that is sc = spark.sparkContext. I don't know. If pyspark is a separate kernel, you should be able to run that with nbconvert as well. Try using the option --ExecutePreprocessor.kernel_name=pyspark. If it's still not working, ask …NameError: name 'spark' is not defined NameError Traceback (most recent call last) in engine ----> 1 animal_df = spark.createDataFrame(data, columns) NameError: name ... Jan 10, 2024 · Replace “/path/to/spark” with the actual path where Spark is installed on your system. 3. Setting Environment Variables. Check if you have set the SPARK_HOME environment variable. Post Spark/PySpark installation you need to set the SPARK_HOME environment variable with the installation Sorted by: 59. You've imported datetime, but not defined timedelta. You want either: from datetime import timedelta. or: subtract = datetime.timedelta (hours=options.goback) Also, your goback parameter is defined as a string, but then you pass it to timedelta as the number of hours. You'll need to convert it to an integer, or …I don't think this is the command to be used because Python can't find the variable called spark.spark.read.csv means "find the variable spark, get the value of its read attribute and then get this value's csv method", but this fails since spark doesn't exist. This isn't a Spark problem: you could've as well written nonexistent_variable.read.csv. – …PySpark lit () function is used to add constant or literal value as a new column to the DataFrame. Creates a [ [Column]] of literal value. The passed in object is returned directly if it is already a [ [Column]]. If the object is a Scala Symbol, it is converted into a [ [Column]] also. Otherwise, a new [ [Column]] is created to represent the ...SparkSession.builder.master("local").appName("Detecting-Malicious-URL App") .config("spark.some.config.option", "some-value") To overcome this error …which will open your contents in a new browser. I'm not sure about Streamlit, but I know that there is None instead of null in Python. You can try to define null = None in your script C:\Users\cupac\desktop\untitled.py at the top - it might work! As it’s currently written, your answer is unclear.How to Fix NameError: name 'x' is not defined | Solution. variable is passed as an argument to the function when it is called. This ensures that the. Get a clear explanation …Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Please be sure to answer the question.Provide details and share your research! But avoid …. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.Mar 3, 2017 · NameError: name 'redis' is not defined The zip( redis.zip ) contains .py files( client.py , connection.py , exceptions.py , lock.py , utils.py and others). Python version is - 3.5 and spark is 2.7 I'm very new to programming. I've been trying to learn Python via a book called "Python Programming for the Absolute Beginner". I'm working on classes. I've copied some code from one of the exer...100. The best way that I've found to do it is to combine several StringIndex on a list and use a Pipeline to execute them all: from pyspark.ml import Pipeline from pyspark.ml.feature import StringIndexer indexers = [StringIndexer (inputCol=column, outputCol=column+"_index").fit (df) for column in list (set (df.columns)-set ( ['date ...I'm very new to programming. I've been trying to learn Python via a book called "Python Programming for the Absolute Beginner". I'm working on classes. I've copied some code from one of the exer...1 Answer. You need from numpy import array. This is done for you by the Spyder console. But in a program, you must do the necessary imports; the advantage is that your program can be run by people who do not have Spyder, for instance. I am not sure of what Spyder imports for you by default. array might be imported through from pylab import * or ... Feb 10, 2017 · 1 Answer. You are using the built-in function 'count' which expects an iterable object, not a column name. You need to explicitly import the 'count' function with the same name from pyspark.sql.functions. from pyspark.sql.functions import count as _count old_table.groupby ('name').agg (countDistinct ('age'), _count ('age')) If you are getting Spark Context 'sc' Not Defined in Spark/PySpark shell use below export. export PYSPARK_SUBMIT_ARGS="--master local [1] pyspark-shell". vi ~/.bashrc , add the above line and reload the bashrc file using source ~/.bashrc and launch spark-shell/pyspark shell. Below is a way to use get SparkContext object in PySpark …I' ve searched Stack resoures BTW and I didn't find anything. Take a look at the start of the section 1.1.3. You have to type first from string import *. >>> from string import* >>> nb_a = count (seq, 'a') Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#73>", line 1, in <module> nb_a = count (seq, 'a') NameError: name 'count' is not defined ...Feb 1, 2015 · C:\Spark\spark-1.3.1-bin-hadoop2.6\python\pyspark\java_gateway.pyc in launch_gateway() 77 callback_socket.close() 78 if gateway_port is None: ---> 79 raise Exception("Java gateway process exited before sending the driver its port number") 80 81 # In Windows, ensure the Java child processes do not linger after Python has exited. Jun 20, 2020 · Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Please be sure to answer the question.Provide details and share your research! But avoid …. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. registerFunction(name, f, returnType=StringType)¶ Registers a python function (including lambda function) as a UDF so it can be used in SQL statements. In addition to a name …Nov 3, 2017 · SparkSession.builder.getOrCreate () I'm not sure you need a SQLContext. spark.sql () or spark.read () are the dataset entry points. First bullet here on Spark docs. SparkSession is now the new entry point of Spark that replaces the old SQLContext and HiveContext. If you need an sc variable at all, that is sc = spark.sparkContext. Sorted by: 59. You've imported datetime, but not defined timedelta. You want either: from datetime import timedelta. or: subtract = datetime.timedelta (hours=options.goback) Also, your goback parameter is defined as a string, but then you pass it to timedelta as the number of hours. You'll need to convert it to an integer, or …If you are getting Spark Context 'sc' Not Defined in Spark/PySpark shell use below export. export PYSPARK_SUBMIT_ARGS="--master local [1] pyspark-shell". vi ~/.bashrc , add the above line and reload the bashrc file using source ~/.bashrc and launch spark-shell/pyspark shell. Below is a way to use get SparkContext object in PySpark …The error message on the first line here is clear: name 'spark' is not defined, which is enough information to resolve the problem: we need to start a Spark session. This error …pyspark : NameError: name 'spark' is not defined. 1 NameError: global name 'dot_parser' is not defined / PydotPlus / Pyparsing 2 / Anaconda. Load 4 more related questions Show fewer related questions Sorted by: Reset to default Know someone who can answer? Share a link to this ...NameError: name 'row' is not defined. I am using the Python 3.6.1 (IDLE) and counting the frequency of the pos_tag. My code is. import csv import nltk with open ('data.csv', 'rt') as f: readerf = csv.reader (f) from collections import Counter Counter ( [j for i,j in pos_tag (row)]) Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:/Users/ABRAR/Google ...registerFunction(name, f, returnType=StringType)¶ Registers a python function (including lambda function) as a UDF so it can be used in SQL statements. In addition to a name and the function itself, the return type can be optionally specified. When the return type is not given it default to a string and conversion will automatically be done. There is nothing special in lambda expressions in context of Spark. You can use getTime directly: spark.udf.register ('GetTime', getTime, TimestampType ()) There is no need for inefficient udf at all. Spark provides required function out-of-the-box: spark.sql ("SELECT current_timestamp ()") or.Nov 23, 2016 · 1. I got it worked by using the following imports: from pyspark import SparkConf from pyspark.context import SparkContext from pyspark.sql import SparkSession, SQLContext. I got the idea by looking into the pyspark code as I found read csv was working in the interactive shell. Share. Feb 7, 2023 · Note: Do not use Python shell or Python command to run PySpark program. 2. Using findspark. Even after installing PySpark you are getting “No module named pyspark" in Python, this could be due to environment variables issues, you can solve this by installing and import findspark. Aug 10, 2020 · 1 Answer. Inside the pyspark shell you automatically only have access to the spark session (which can be referenced by "spark"). To get the sparkcontext, you can get it from the spark session by sc = spark.sparkContext. Or using the getOrCreate () method as mentioned by @Smurphy0000 in the comments. Version is an attribute of the spark context. Jan 10, 2024 · Replace “/path/to/spark” with the actual path where Spark is installed on your system. 3. Setting Environment Variables. Check if you have set the SPARK_HOME environment variable. Post Spark/PySpark installation you need to set the SPARK_HOME environment variable with the installation Oct 23, 2020 · Getting two errors with my Databricks Spark script with the following line: df = spark.createDataFrame(pdDf).withColumn('month', substring(col('dt'), 0, 7)) The first one: AttributeError: 'Series' object has no attribute 'substr' and. NameError: name 'substr' is not defined I wonder what I am doing wrong... For Python to recognise a name, that name needs to be defined somewhere, usually either via an import or an assignment (though there are other mechanisms). The exception to that rule would be the builtins, but isInstance isn't a builtin. Possibly you wanted isinstance, which is a builtin. but that's a different name: Python identifiers are case ...6. First point: global <name> doesn't define a variable, it only tells the runtime that in this function, " <name> " will have to be looked up in the "global" namespace instead of the local one. Second point : in Python, the "global" namespace really means the current module's top-level namespace. And that's the most "global" namespace you'll ...Yes, I have. INSTALLED_APPS= ['rest_framework'] django restframework is already installed and I have added both est_framework and my application i.e. restapp in INSTALLED_APPS too. first of all change you class name to uppercase Employee, and you are using ModelSerializer, why you using esal=serializers.FloatField (required=False), …Note that ISODate is a part of MongoDB and is not available in your case. You should be using Date instead and the MongoDB drivers(e.g. the Mongoose ORM that you are currently using) will take care of the type conversion between Date and ISODate behind the scene.You've got to use self. Or, if you want to be explicit, then do this: class sampleclass: count = 0 # class attribute def increase (self): sampleclass.count += 1 # Calling increase () on an object s1 = sampleclass () s1.increase () print (s1.count) You can do this because count is a class variable. You can also access count from outside the ...The above code works perfectly on Jupiter notebook but doesn't work when trying to run the same code saved in a python file with spark-submit I get the following errors. NameError: name 'spark' is not defined. when i replace spark.read.format("csv") with sc.read.format("csv") I get the following errorpyspark : NameError: name 'spark' is not defined. I am copying the pyspark.ml example from the official document website: http://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/api/python/pyspark.ml.html#pyspark.ml.Transformer.4. This issue could be solved by two ways. If you try to find the Null values from your dataFrame you should use the NullType. Like this: if type (date_col) == NullType. Or you can find if the date_col is None like this: if date_col is None. I hope this help.Parameters f function, optional. user-defined function. A python function if used as a standalone function. returnType pyspark.sql.types.DataType or str, optional. the return …Nov 17, 2015 · Add a comment. -1. The first thing a Spark program must do is to create a SparkContext object, which tells Spark how to access a cluster. To create a SparkContext you first need to build a SparkConf object that contains information about your application. conf = SparkConf ().setAppName (appName).setMaster (master) sc = SparkContext (conf=conf ... I have installed the Apache Spark provider on top of my exiting Airflow 2.0.0 installation with: pip install apache-airflow-providers-apache-spark When I start the webserver it is unable to import ...When you are using Jupyter 4.1.0 or Jupyter 5.0.0 notebooks with Spark version 2.1.0 or higher, only one Jupyter notebook kernel can successfully start a SparkContext. All subsequent kernels are not able to start a SparkContext ( sc ). If you try to issue Spark commands on any subsequent kernels without stopping the running kernel, you ...This occurs if you create a Notebook and then rename it to a PY file. If you open that file, the source Python code will wrapped with curly braces, double quotes, with the first several lines containing the erroneous null reference. You can actually import this as-is, but you have to stop and restart the kernel for the notebook doing the import …Delta Lake on EMR and Zeppelin gives 'configure_spark_with_delta_pip' is not defined. Ask Question Asked 1 year, 11 months ago. Modified 1 year, 10 months ... _zcUserQueryNameSpace) File "", line 7, in NameError: name 'configure_spark_with_delta_pip' is not defined. I also tried adding delta-code_2.11 …Feb 13, 2018 · 1. In pysparkShell, SparkContext is already initialized as SparkContext (app=PySparkShell, master=local [*]) so you just need to use getOrCreate () to set the SparkContext to a variable as. sc = SparkContext.getOrCreate () sqlContext = SQLContext (sc) For coding purpose in simple local mode, you can do the following. Feb 20, 2019 · 1 Answer. Sorted by: Reset to default. This answer is useful. 4. This answer is not useful. Save this answer. Show activity on this post. try this : from pyspark.sql.session import SparkSession spark = SparkSession.builder.getOrCreate () 41 1 4. Add a comment. 3. it would be cleaner a solution like this: import pyspark.sql.functions as F df.select (colname).agg (F.avg (colname)) Share. Improve this answer. Follow. answered Sep 15, 2020 at 11:26.Hi Oli, Thank you, thats pointed me the right way. The entire code for my experiment is: #beginning of code for experiment! from psychopy import visual, core, event #import some libraries from PsychoPy trial_timer = core.Clock()1 1. 1. Please use the "code sample" feature to show code snippets. Avoid sending screenshots. – Foivoschr. May 10, 2020 at 8:34. I think code part that have the problem is not present on the screenshot. Seems like you're using variable/function that you didn't define/import. – Rayan Ral.Make sure that you have the nltk module installed. Use pip show nltk inside command prompt or terminal to check if you have the nltk module installed or not. If it is not installed, use pip install nltk inside the command prompt or terminal to install the nltk module. Import the nltk module. Download the stopwords corpus using the nltk module ...pyspark : NameError: name 'spark' is not defined. I am copying the pyspark.ml example from the official document website: http://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/api/python/pyspark.ml.html#pyspark.ml.Transformer.Mar 3, 2017 · NameError: name 'redis' is not defined The zip( redis.zip ) contains .py files( client.py , connection.py , exceptions.py , lock.py , utils.py and others). Python version is - 3.5 and spark is 2.7 pyspark : NameError: name 'spark' is not defined. ... NameError: global name 'dot_parser' is not defined / PydotPlus / Pyparsing 2 / Anaconda. Load 4 more related questions Show fewer related questions Sorted by: Reset to default Know someone who can answer? Share a link to this question via email, Twitter, or Facebook. Your …But then inside a udf you can not directly use spark functions like to_date. So I created a little workaround in the solution. So I created a little workaround in the solution. First the udf takes the python date conversion with the appropriate format from the column and converts it to an iso-format."NameError: name 'token' is not defined. I am writing a token generator, (like a password generator) and I made a function called buy_tokens(token). Even after the function, it does not read the parameter that is passed in the buy_token function. To understand better, read the code:For a slightly more complete solution which can generalize to cases where more than one column must be reported, use 'withColumn' instead of a simple 'select' i.e.: df.withColumn('word',explode('word')).show() This guarantees that all the rest of the columns in the DataFrame are still present in the output DataFrame, after using explode.Mar 27, 2022 · I don't think this is the command to be used because Python can't find the variable called spark. spark.read.csv means "find the variable spark, get the value of its read attribute and then get this value's csv method", but this fails since spark doesn't exist. This isn't a Spark problem: you could've as well written nonexistent_variable.read.csv. I'm running the PySpark shell and unable to create a dataframe. I've done import pyspark from pyspark.sql.types import StructField from pyspark.sql.types import StructType all without any errors Dec 26, 2016 · There is nothing special in lambda expressions in context of Spark. You can use getTime directly: spark.udf.register ('GetTime', getTime, TimestampType ()) There is no need for inefficient udf at all. Spark provides required function out-of-the-box: spark.sql ("SELECT current_timestamp ()") or. Replace “/path/to/spark” with the actual path where Spark is installed on your system. 3. Setting Environment Variables. Check if you have set the SPARK_HOME environment variable. Post Spark/PySpark installation you need to set the SPARK_HOME environment variable with the installation2 Answers. Sorted by: 67. display is a function in the IPython.display module that runs the appropriate dunder method to get the appropriate data to ... display. If you really want to run it. from IPython.display import display import pandas as pd data = pd.DataFrame (data= [tweet.text for tweet in tweets], columns= ['Tweets']) display (data ...How many terms do you want for the sequence? 5 Traceback (most recent call last): File "fibonacci.py", line 18, in <module> n = calculate_nt_term(n1, n2) NameError: name 'calculate_nt_term' is not defined. Python cannot find the name “calculate_nt_term” in the program because of the misspelling.5 Answers. Sorted by: 102. Change this line: t = timeit.Timer ("foo ()") To this: t = timeit.Timer ("foo ()", "from __main__ import foo") Check out the link you provided at the very bottom. To give the timeit module access to functions you define, you can pass a setup parameter which contains an import statement:1. Check PySpark Installation is Right Sometimes you may have issues in PySpark installation hence you will have errors while importing libraries in Python. Post …Hi Oli, Thank you, thats pointed me the right way. The entire code for my experiment is: #beginning of code for experiment! from psychopy import visual, core, event #import some libraries from PsychoPy trial_timer = core.Clock()Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> NameError: name 'sc' is not defined I have tried: ... name spark is not defined. 1. sc is not defined in SparkContext. 0. Name sc is not defined. Hot Network Questions How does the law deal with translating inherently ambiguous writing systems?

registerFunction(name, f, returnType=StringType)¶ Registers a python function (including lambda function) as a UDF so it can be used in SQL statements. In addition to a name and the function itself, the return type can be optionally specified. When the return type is not given it default to a string and conversion will automatically be done.. I 75n

nameerror name spark is not defined

2 Answers. from pyspark import SparkConf, SparkContext from pyspark.sql import SQLContext conf = SparkConf ().setAppName ("building a warehouse") sc = SparkContext (conf=conf) sqlCtx = SQLContext (sc) Hope this helps. sc is a helper value created in the spark-shell, but is not automatically created with spark-submit.Apr 30, 2020 · Part of Microsoft Azure Collective. 0. I am trying to use DBUtils and Pyspark from a jupyter notebook python script (running on Docker) to access an Azure Data Lake Blob. However, I can't seem to get dbutils to be recognized (i.e. NameError: name 'dbutils' is not defined). I've tried explicitly importing DBUtils, as well as not importing it as ... This means that if you try to evaluate an expression that is just match, it will not be treated as a match statement, but as a variable called match, which isn't defined in your case (no pun intended). Try writing a complete match statement. Thanks this works! A complete match statement is required.I use this code to return the day name from a date of type string: import Pandas as pd df = pd.Timestamp("2019-04-10") print(df.weekday_name) so when I have "2019-04-10" the code returns "Wednesday" I would like to apply it a column in Pyspark DataFrame to get the day name in text. But it doesn't seem to work.If you are getting Spark Context 'sc' Not Defined in Spark/PySpark shell use below export export PYSPARK_SUBMIT_ARGS="--master local[1] pyspark-shell" vi …Jun 8, 2023 · Databricks NameError: name 'expr' is not defined. When attempting to execute the following spark code in Databricks I get the error: NameError: name 'expr' is not defined %python df = sql ("select * from xxxxxxx.xxxxxxx") transfromWithCol = (df.withColumn ("MyTestName", expr ("case when first_name = 'Peter' then 1 else 0 end"))) 5 Answers. Sorted by: 102. Change this line: t = timeit.Timer ("foo ()") To this: t = timeit.Timer ("foo ()", "from __main__ import foo") Check out the link you provided at the very bottom. To give the timeit module access to functions you define, you can pass a setup parameter which contains an import statement:Mar 22, 2022 · I installed deltalake and built it, after that I installed pyspark + spark 3.2.1 (which obviously match the delta-1.1.0 version). but when tried in my IntelliJ their example like bellow in the screen: My Intellij don't find the proposed function to use "configure_spark_with_delta_pip" I'll end the suspense -- this is a mistake but not a syntax error, since in Python using a name that hasn't been defined isn't a syntax error, it's a perfectly well-defined code snippet in the language. It's just that it's defined to throw an exception, which isn't what the questioner wants to do. –2 Answers. Sorted by: 67. display is a function in the IPython.display module that runs the appropriate dunder method to get the appropriate data to ... display. If you really want to run it. from IPython.display import display import pandas as pd data = pd.DataFrame (data= [tweet.text for tweet in tweets], columns= ['Tweets']) display (data ...Pyspark offical website Why the Nameerror: name ‘spark’ is not defined Now let us know the some causes for getting the Nameerror: name ‘spark’ error. Cause 1: Misspelled …You're already importing only the exception from botocore, not all of botocore, so it doesn't exist in the namespace to have an attribute called from it.Either import all of botocore, or just call the exception by name. except botocore.ProfileNotFound-> except ProfileNotFound – G. Andersontry: # Python 2 forward compatibility range = xrange except NameError: pass # Python 2 code transformed from range (...) -> list (range (...)) and # xrange (...) -> range (...). The latter is preferable for codebases that want to aim to be Python 3 compatible only in the long run, it is easier to then just use Python 3 syntax whenever possible ....

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